Adrenal disease in ferrets (also known as hyperadrenocorticism) is a common hormonal disorder affecting middle-aged to older ferrets, regardless of sex. It typically results from a benign tumor affecting one or both adrenal glands, located above the kidneys. These glands produce several hormones, including cortisol and sex hormones. While the tumor itself is often non-life-threatening, the excessive production of sex hormones leads to a range of clinical symptoms.
Clinical signs of adrenal disease in ferrets
The most common sign is:
- 🧴 Symmetrical hair loss, usually starting on the tail and hind legs, gradually spreading along the body
- 🐾 Possible itchiness
Sex-specific symptoms include:
- Females:
- Swollen vulva, with or without light discharge
- Males:
- Enlarged prostate, which can compress the urethra
- May cause urinary blockage, a life-threatening emergency
How adrenal disease is diagnosed
Veterinary diagnosis may involve:
- Abdominal ultrasound: to assess the size and appearance of the adrenal glands
- Hormone level testing: elevated levels of estrogen, testosterone, or other sex hormones confirm the diagnosis
Treatment options
Two main approaches are available:
Surgical treatment
- Surgical removal of the affected adrenal gland
- Left adrenal gland is easier to remove; right gland is more complex due to proximity to the vena cava
- May be curative, but recurrence is possible if the other gland is also affected
Medical treatment
- Hormone-suppressing implant placed under the skin between the shoulder blades
- Reduces the overproduction of sex hormones
- Needs to be replaced yearly, or sooner if symptoms return
- ⚠️ A temporary worsening of symptoms is common in the first few weeks after implantation
Monitoring and follow-up
- Regular veterinary checkups are essential to monitor treatment response and progression
- Work closely with an exotic animal vet (NAC vet)
- Early intervention ensures a better quality of life and outcome
If your ferret shows signs of hair loss or behavioral changes, consult your veterinarian promptly. Adrenal disease in ferrets can often be managed successfully with appropriate care and monitoring.
