Kennel cough is a highly contagious respiratory disease in dogs. It is caused by a combination of viruses (such as canine adenovirus and parainfluenza) and a bacterium called Bordetella bronchiseptica. This condition leads to tracheobronchitis, or inflammation of the trachea and bronchi.

Symptoms of Kennel Cough

Clinical signs of kennel cough often appear suddenly and may include:

• A dry, hoarse cough that may be either productive or non-productive
• Coughing that worsens with physical activity, excitement, or pressure from a collar
• Cough triggered by gently pressing on the trachea
• Nasal discharge, frequent swallowing, and throat irritation

If your dog shows these symptoms, keep them away from other dogs to help prevent the spread of infection.

How Is It Diagnosed?

Diagnosis is usually based on clinical examination and your dog’s recent history, especially if they were recently in contact with other dogs—such as in a boarding facility, dog park, shelter, or veterinary hospital. If symptoms persist or worsen, your veterinarian may recommend additional tests such as:

• Bloodwork
• Chest X-rays
• Bronchoalveolar lavage (airway fluid analysis)

Treatment and Prognosis

The treatment depends on the severity of your dog’s symptoms:

• Mild cases: Strict rest for about a week to reduce irritation and support recovery.
• Moderate to severe cases: Your veterinarian may prescribe antibiotics, cough suppressants, and/or anti-inflammatories to relieve symptoms and prevent complications.

The prognosis is excellent. Most dogs recover fully without long-term effects. Kennel cough is not hereditary and is generally self-limiting with proper care.

Preventing Kennel Cough in Dogs

Prevention is key and involves both vaccination and reducing exposure to high-risk situations.

Vaccination

• The core vaccine includes protection against adenovirus and parainfluenza.
• The Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccine is available as a nasal spray or injection. The intranasal form acts more quickly by stimulating local immunity in the airways.

Avoiding Risky Exposure

• Limit contact with unvaccinated or sick dogs.
• After adopting a dog, wait at least 10 days before introducing them to other pets, as the incubation period for the illness can be delayed.

By following these guidelines, you can significantly reduce the risk of infection and protect your dog from kennel cough.