What is Otocariasis?
Ear mites, sometimes incorrectly called “ear ticks,” are very common parasites in cats, especially kittens and those with outdoor access. They can also affect ferrets and, less frequently, dogs. The responsible parasite, Otodectes cynotis, completes its life cycle in about three weeks. Transmission occurs through direct contact with infested animals, although mites can survive in the environment for up to three weeks.
These microscopic parasites belong to the mite family. Once inside the ear canal, they rapidly reproduce, causing an inflammatory reaction ranging from mild to severe. Symptom severity depends on parasite load, individual sensitivity, and the presence of hypersensitivity or allergies.
What are the Symptoms of Ear Mites in Cats?
The main signs of infestation include:
- Black ear discharge resembling coffee grounds
- Redness of the ear canals
- Frequent head shaking
- Intense ear itching, sometimes leading to injuries on ear flaps or neck due to scratching
How is Ear Mites in Cats Diagnosed?
Diagnosis is confirmed through an ear smear. A swab sample taken from the ear canal is examined under a microscope, revealing moving mites, larvae, or eggs. However, abundant discharge can complicate detection. In such cases, if clinical signs strongly indicate ear mites, treatment may be started even without microscopic confirmation.
How is Ear Mites Treated?
Treatment aims to eliminate parasites and reduce ear inflammation, following these steps:
Antiparasitic Treatment:
- A topical solution applied to the pet’s skin monthly for two months.
- The first treatment administered in the clinic; the second at home.
Inflammation Treatment:
- Deep ear cleaning performed by a veterinary technician.
- Ear drops administered twice daily for 21 days.
This protocol is typically effective even in severe infestations. In cases of extreme itching, a protective collar may be necessary to prevent self-injury, removable once symptoms subside.
Prevention and Recommendations
Since ear mites aren’t species-specific, all animals in contact with an infested pet should receive antiparasitic treatment. However, ear drops are not necessary for pets without ear infection signs.
