What is an Ear Hematoma?
An ear hematoma in pets is an accumulation of blood between the cartilage layers of the ear flap, caused by ruptured small blood vessels. It often results from excessive scratching or head shaking. Cats and dogs with floppy ears are more prone to this issue. External ear infections (otitis externa) are a common primary cause, although skin conditions such as allergies may also contribute.
How is an Ear Hematoma in Pets Diagnosed?
Diagnosis relies on assessing the animal’s history and clinical symptoms. Typical signs include head shaking and repeated ear scratching, along with visible swelling of the ear flap. It’s crucial to differentiate an ear hematoma from other conditions such as abscesses, seromas, or tumors. Fine needle aspiration allows analysis of the fluid collected.
Otoscopic examination of the ear canal is often necessary to detect external ear infections or foreign bodies, as well as evaluating the eardrum condition. Microscopic analysis of ear secretions can reveal mites, yeast, or bacteria. If infection is suspected, bacterial culture becomes essential. Additional testing, such as thyroid profiles or allergy tests, may be recommended to ensure accurate diagnosis.
Treatment Options
Treatment begins by addressing the underlying cause. External ear infections must be promptly managed. Corticosteroids reduce inflammation and itching, while antibiotics prevent or treat secondary infections.
The hematoma itself requires prompt drainage, with various methods available:
- Surgical intervention or negative pressure drains
- Creation of openings within the inner ear flap to ensure continuous drainage and proper tissue adhesion
Simple needle aspiration immediately resolves the hematoma but frequently results in recurrence. Injecting corticosteroids can enhance the effectiveness of medical treatment.
Possible Complications
Possible complications include recurrence if the primary cause isn’t addressed. Additionally, deformation of the ear flap may occur due to the healing process, especially if the hematoma isn’t promptly treated.
