Feline postpartum hypocalcemia, also known as eclampsia, is a serious condition that typically occurs in queens within three weeks after giving birth. This disorder is caused by a significant drop in blood calcium levels (hypocalcemia).
During pregnancy, the queen must supply a substantial amount of calcium for the development of the fetuses’ skeletal systems. After delivery, lactation continues to demand calcium to ensure the healthy growth of the kittens. If the dietary intake of calcium is insufficient or if the litter is particularly large, the mother may experience a calcium deficit, leading to symptoms associated with this deficiency.
Symptoms of Hypocalcemia in Cats
The clinical signs of hypocalcemia in cats are varied and may include:
- Panting and rapid breathing, indicating difficulty in adequately oxygenating the body.
- Tremors and generalized weakness, resulting from impaired nerve transmission due to calcium deficiency.
- Increased body temperature, a consequence of continuous tremors.
- Elevated heart rate and respiratory rate, reflecting a physiological response to stress.
If hypocalcemia is not promptly treated, the condition can worsen, leading to:
- Seizures, which can cause irreversible damage to the nervous system.
- Risk of death due to associated neurological and cardiac complications.
Diagnosing Hypocalcemia in Cats
The diagnosis of hypocalcemia involves several factors:
- Clinical history: A small-sized queen, nursing a large litter, is at higher risk.
- Observed clinical signs, such as tremors, weakness, and rapid breathing.
- Measurement of blood calcium levels, confirming hypocalcemia (calcium below normal values).
In most cases, treatment is initiated before receiving test results, as the clinical signs are highly suggestive in a lactating queen.
Treatment of Hypocalcemia in Cats
Treatment involves the slow intravenous administration of calcium. This injection must be performed under strict veterinary supervision, as calcium can affect heart function.
To monitor the cat throughout the injection, the veterinarian uses:
- An electrocardiogram to observe cardiac activity.
- Regular auscultation if the equipment is not available.
A blood test is then recommended to ensure that calcium levels have returned to normal and to rule out any risk of hypoglycemia following the episode.
Preventing Recurrence of Hypocalcemia
To prevent recurrence:
- The queen should no longer nurse her kittens.
- If this is not possible, it is advisable to wait at least 24 hours before allowing her to resume nursing.
- A calcium supplement will be prescribed to meet daily needs.
- The queen’s diet should be adjusted to meet the demands of lactation and offered freely to avoid any nutritional deficits.
Preventing Feline Postpartum Hypocalcemia
Preventing hypocalcemia involves providing a balanced, high-quality diet during pregnancy and lactation. It is important to choose food specifically formulated for pregnant and nursing cats.
It is essential to note that:
- Calcium supplements during pregnancy are contraindicated, as they could disrupt calcium metabolism and predispose the queen to hypocalcemia rather than prevent it.
- Regular monitoring of the queen and her litter allows for the early detection of any abnormal signs.
Conclusion
Hypocalcemia is a serious condition requiring prompt intervention and diligent veterinary follow-up. If your queen exhibits signs such as tremors, rapid breathing, or weakness, it is crucial to consult a veterinarian as soon as possible. To prevent this condition, ensure your queen receives an appropriate and balanced diet during pregnancy and lactation.
If you have further questions about hypocalcemia or the care of your queen, please do not hesitate to contact us.
