What is Taenia?
Taenia taeniaeformis infections are common among cats in North America. This parasite is a flatworm that resides in the small intestine. It’s composed of segments known as proglottids, which contain parasite eggs.
Each egg holds an embryo equipped with two rows of hooks, enabling attachment to the intestinal cells of the host.
Clinical Signs of Taenia in Cats
In most cases, infections remain unnoticed. However, some cats may experience itching due to worm segments passing through the anus. These segments, resembling small grains of rice, may be visible in the perianal area.
Severe infestations, although rare, can cause intestinal blockages requiring surgical intervention.
Life Cycle of the Parasite
The cat acts as the parasite’s definitive host, meaning the worm reaches maturity within the cat. Infection occurs when cats hunt and ingest infected rodents, which are intermediate hosts.
Once the rodent is digested, the parasite is released from its liver, attaches to the cat’s intestinal cells, and continues its development.
When mature, egg-filled segments (proglottids) are expelled in cat feces. If rodents ingest these eggs, larval cysts form in their liver until another cat eats the infected rodent.
The parasite cycle can last up to three months. Parasite eggs can survive up to one year under ideal conditions (low temperatures and high humidity) but only about a week in dry conditions.
Adult worms can live up to 34 months in the cat’s intestine.
How Do Cats Become Infected?
Cats primarily contract this parasite by consuming infected rodents.
Is Taenia Contagious to Humans?
While isolated cases of human infection have been reported, the transmission risk remains extremely low in North America.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Infestation can be confirmed by observing flatworm segments in the cat’s perianal fur.
A common diagnostic method involves crushing a segment between a slide and coverslip to examine eggs microscopically. Eggs are recognized by their thick, striated double wall.
Fecal flotation tests are often unreliable, as eggs may not float uniformly.
Although infections are usually asymptomatic, treatment is recommended for hygiene and aesthetic reasons. Several effective antiparasitic medications are available by veterinary prescription.
Preventing Taenia Infection in Cats
The best prevention method is keeping cats indoors to prevent hunting rodents.
If outdoor access is unavoidable, monthly preventive antiparasitic treatments during the hunting season are advised.
Conclusion
Taenia is a common parasite in cats but can be effectively prevented and treated. Monitor your pet’s behavior, regularly consult your veterinarian, and consider a preventive deworming program to protect your cat’s health.
