Osteoarthritis in dogs is a degenerative joint disease that commonly affects older animals but can also develop after injuries. This chronic condition damages the structure and function of the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. While osteoarthritis (OA) is irreversible, early management can relieve discomfort and slow the progression of the disease.

What are the types of osteoarthritis in dogs?

There are two main types of osteoarthritis:

• Primary osteoarthritis:
  • Caused by the natural wear and tear of the joints as the dog ages
• Secondary osteoarthritis:
  • Resulting from joint instability due to conditions such as cruciate ligament rupture, hip dysplasia, or patellar luxation

What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis in dogs?

The most common clinical signs of OA include:

• Difficulty standing up, especially after resting
• Limping or lameness, often worse after exercise
• Stiffness, particularly noticeable in the morning
• Reluctance to jump or climb stairs
• Decreased interest in playing or physical activities

If your dog shows any of these symptoms, it is important to consult your veterinarian for proper diagnosis and care.

How is osteoarthritis treated in dogs?

Although osteoarthritis cannot be cured, several treatment options can help manage pain and slow the disease’s progression:

1. Weight management

• Maintaining an ideal body weight reduces stress on the joints
• Building and preserving muscle mass helps support and protect joint health

2. Physical rehabilitation and exercise

• Moderate, controlled exercise helps maintain joint flexibility and reduce inflammation
• Customized programs may include strengthening exercises, stretching, or hydrotherapy

3. Environmental modifications

• Avoid slippery surfaces to prevent falls
• Provide a comfortable orthopedic bed
• Use ramps or steps to minimize joint strain
• Consider a heated blanket to ease morning stiffness

4. Pharmacological and complementary therapies

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): essential for managing acute pain
• Nutraceuticals (such as omega-3 fatty acids): support joint health but are not curative
• Monoclonal antibody therapy (Librela): administered via monthly subcutaneous injections for effective pain relief

Preventing and managing osteoarthritis in dogs

While osteoarthritis is a progressive and irreversible condition, its development can be slowed and its impact minimized through:

• A personalized rehabilitation program
• Regular veterinary check-ups to adjust treatment as needed
• Consistent, low-impact physical activity suited to your dog’s abilities

With the right care and treatment, your dog can remain active and enjoy a good quality of life despite osteoarthritis.