Benign prostatic hyperplasia in dogs (BPH) is a common condition in intact male dogs, often linked to hormonal changes. Similar to humans, the canine prostate naturally enlarges under the influence of testosterone derivatives. This gland reaches its peak size between the ages of 1 and 5, then gradually shrinks after 10 to 12 years of age. BPH is not a cancer or an infection but a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland.

Common Symptoms of BPH in Dogs

While many dogs show no signs, others may experience noticeable symptoms, such as:

• Bloody discharge between urination or in the semen
• Constipation or diarrhea due to colon compression
• Urinary difficulties, such as straining, frequent urination, or blood in the urine
• Abdominal discomfort or stiff walking
• In severe cases, complete urethral blockage, which can become a life-threatening emergency if not treated promptly

How Is BPH Diagnosed?

Several diagnostic tools are used to confirm BPH:

• Rectal palpation: Helps detect a firm, symmetrical enlargement of the prostate
• Abdominal X-rays: May suggest an enlarged prostate, but less precise
• Ultrasound: The most accurate method to assess size, shape, and structure
• Cytology: Analysis of prostatic fluid shows inflammation in about 80% of BPH cases
• Biopsy: Necessary to rule out infections or tumors if abnormalities are present

Treatment Options for Canine BPH

The most effective treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia is surgical neutering. This procedure reduces prostate size by approximately 50% in 3 weeks and 75% in 9 weeks. Bleeding symptoms often resolve within a month. Once castrated, the prostate does not enlarge again.

Hormonal Medical Treatment

For breeding or working dogs, hormonal therapy may be considered, though it is less effective than surgery. Side effects may include:

• Temporary infertility
• Decreased libido
• Weight gain
• Increased thirst
• Higher long-term costs

Prognosis and Long-Term Management of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Dogs

If left untreated, chronic BPH may lead to complications such as prostatic infections, abscesses, or cysts, which require urgent medical attention. Regular monitoring and early intervention are key to maintaining your dog’s quality of life.

If your dog shows any symptoms of prostate enlargement, consult your veterinarian promptly. Early diagnosis and proper treatment can prevent serious complications and help your dog live a healthy and comfortable life.