Allergies in dogs are abnormal immune reactions to substances called allergens, which may be found in food or the environment. While some dogs show digestive symptoms, most develop skin issues. Itchy skin, ear infections, and inflamed patches are common signs of allergies in dogs.

Common Symptoms of Dog Allergies

Allergic reactions vary but typically affect:

• The face, ears, paws, thighs, underarms, and anus
• Skin (redness, bumps, scabs, or lesions)
• The coat (dry, greasy, or thinning hair)
• The ears (chronic infections)
• The paws (boils or abscesses)
• The belly or chin (hot spots and furunculosis)

In food allergies, digestive symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, flatulence, and loss of appetite may also occur. Some dogs may even experience behavioral changes or, in rare cases, a life-threatening anaphylactic reaction.

Types of Allergies in Dogs

Dogs can develop various types of allergies, including:

• Flea allergy dermatitis
• Contact allergies (e.g., to grass or cleaning products)
• Drug reactions
• Atopic dermatitis (environmental allergens like pollen or dust mites)
• Food allergies
• Seasonal allergies

These types often produce overlapping symptoms, making diagnosis complex without further testing.

How Allergies Are Diagnosed

Veterinarians generally follow a three-step approach:

1. Rule out parasites with antiparasitic treatments and skin exams
2. Conduct an elimination diet using hypoallergenic food for 8 to 12 weeks
3. Run environmental allergy tests, such as intradermal or blood (serologic) testing

This process helps identify the specific allergy type and guide treatment.

Treatment Options for Allergies in Dogs

Once the cause is confirmed, treatment may include:

• Flea control for flea allergies
• Discontinuation of medications if the allergy is drug-related
• Hypoallergenic diets for food allergies
• Medical treatments to reduce symptoms:
  • Anti-inflammatories (e.g., corticosteroids)
  • Antihistamines
  • Immunosuppressive drugs (e.g., cyclosporine, oclacitinib/Apoquel, or lokivetmab/Cytopoint)

Skin health should also be supported with:

• Medicated shampoos
• Topical skin repair products
• Omega-3 supplements

Conclusion: Don’t Ignore the Itching

Allergies are one of the most common reasons dogs visit the vet. Although diagnosis can be challenging, a methodical approach helps identify the cause and offer relief. If your dog is constantly scratching or licking, don’t wait—schedule an appointment for a full evaluation. Early treatment can make all the difference in your pet’s comfort and health.