Ear mites in dogs, also known as otocariosis, are a common parasitic condition. While more frequently seen in cats—especially young or outdoor pets—dogs can also be affected, though less often. The parasite responsible, Otodectes cynotis, lives and multiplies inside the ear canal. Its entire life cycle takes about three weeks. Transmission occurs through direct contact with infected animals, but mites can also survive in the environment for several days, increasing the risk of infestation.

Common Symptoms of Ear Mites in Dogs

The most recognizable sign of otocariosis is the presence of black, coffee-ground-like debris inside the ears. This discharge results from mite waste and skin irritation. Other symptoms include:

• Red, inflamed ears
• Intense itching and frequent head shaking
• Excessive scratching of the ears or neck
• Wounds or scabs around the ear area

In more severe cases, dogs may cause secondary trauma by scratching excessively, which can lead to open sores or bacterial infections.

How Is Otocariosis Diagnosed?

Diagnosis typically involves a simple ear swab. A sample of the ear discharge is collected with a cotton swab and examined under a microscope. The presence of live mites, larvae, or eggs confirms the diagnosis. However, in cases where the discharge is heavy and obscures visibility, treatment may begin based on clinical symptoms alone—especially if the signs are clear and typical.

Treating Ear Mites in Dogs

Treatment aims to eliminate the mites and reduce inflammation in the ear. A complete treatment protocol includes:

• Parasite control: A topical antiparasitic solution is applied monthly for two months. The first dose is usually administered in the clinic, with the follow-up dose applied at home.
• Inflammation management: A thorough ear cleaning is performed, followed by the application of ear drops twice daily for 21 days to reduce inflammation and treat any secondary infection.
• Supportive care: If itching is severe, an Elizabethan collar may be needed to prevent self-trauma. It can be removed once symptoms improve.

Prevention and Recommendations

Prevention of ear mite infestations relies on regular antiparasitic treatments. Since Otodectes cynotis is not species-specific, all pets in contact with an infected animal should be treated—even if they do not show symptoms. That said, asymptomatic pets do not require ear drops unless signs of otitis develop.

Conclusion

Ear mites in dogs are uncomfortable but highly treatable. With proper veterinary care and parasite prevention, your dog can recover quickly and avoid further complications. If you notice dark ear discharge, persistent scratching, or head shaking, don’t delay—schedule a veterinary consultation as soon as possible to ensure your companion’s health and well-being.