What is an Umbilical Hernia?
An umbilical hernia is an external abdominal hernia characterized by incomplete closure of the abdominal wall at the umbilicus. This defect allows abdominal tissue to protrude, forming a hernia sac. Occasionally, hernias may develop in other abdominal locations, referred to as abdominal hernias. The primary cause of umbilical hernia in pets is usually congenital, arising during embryonic development. While the exact origin remains uncertain, hereditary predisposition is strongly suspected. Therefore, it is advised not to breed animals with umbilical hernias.
Relationship Between Umbilical Hernia in Pets and Other Abnormalities
In male cats, umbilical hernias may be linked to cryptorchidism, where one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum.
For hernias positioned higher on the abdomen, veterinarians should check for peritoneopericardial hernias, affecting the diaphragm and potentially impacting respiration and thoracic organs.
Additionally, inguinal hernias, distinct yet sometimes concurrent conditions, may occur near the vaginal process in the groin area.
Contents of an Umbilical Hernia
The hernia sac can contain various structures, such as:
- Fatty abdominal tissue
- Omentum (tissue protecting and nourishing internal organs)
- Intestinal structures, including loops of intestines
If the umbilical opening is narrow, trapped structures increase the risk of strangulation.
Risks Associated with Umbilical Hernia in Pets
Complications depend on the hernia’s size and contents, potentially including:
- Tissue strangulation disrupting blood circulation
- Intestinal blockage causing pain and digestive obstruction
- Local inflammation, resulting in a hot, hard, and painful hernia
Urgent surgical intervention is required if the hernia becomes hard, hot, or irreducible, as these indicate veterinary emergencies.
Recommended Treatment: Surgery
Surgery is the recommended treatment to correct umbilical hernias, allowing closure of the umbilical ring and preventing complications.
Two surgical options exist:
- Immediate surgery if strangulation is suspected
- Repair during sterilization if the hernia remains soft and reducible
In both cases, the surgery restores the abdominal wall’s integrity and minimizes risks of recurrence.
