What Is Sarcoptic Mange in Dogs?
Sarcoptic mange in dogs is a highly contagious skin disease caused by the microscopic mite Sarcoptes scabiei. These mites burrow into the skin, leading to intense itching and skin lesions. Sarcoptic mange is zoonotic, meaning it can be transmitted to humans.
Transmission of Sarcoptic Mange
Transmission occurs primarily through direct contact with an infested animal. The mites can also survive in the environment for 24 to 36 hours, allowing for indirect transmission, though this is less common.
Life Cycle of Sarcoptes Mites
- Fertilized females burrow into the skin, laying up to three eggs per day.
- Eggs hatch into larvae, which surface and create their own burrows.
- After 10 to 13 days, larvae mature into adults.
- Females live for about three to four weeks; males die after mating.
Symptoms to Watch For
Common clinical signs include:
- Intense itching (pruritus)
- Red papules and crusts
- Hair loss (alopecia)
- Skin excoriations from scratching
- Thickened and pigmented skin in severe cases
Areas most commonly affected are:
- Ear margins
- Elbows
- Hocks (equivalent to human ankles)
- Abdomen
Some dogs may be asymptomatic carriers, showing no visible signs while still being contagious.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves:
- Deep skin scrapings examined under a microscope to identify mites, eggs, or fecal matter.
- Observation of typical clinical signs.
- A positive response to antiparasitic treatment, confirming the diagnosis when mites are not directly observed.
Treatment of Sarcoptic Mange
Treatment includes:
- Administration of effective antiparasitic medications such as:
- Afoxolaner (NexGard)
- Fluralaner (Bravecto)
- Selamectin (Revolution)
- Moxidectin (Advantage Multi)
- Treating secondary bacterial infections with antibiotics if necessary.
- Using anti-itch medications to relieve discomfort.
- Cleaning and disinfecting the environment, including bedding, collars, and toys.
- Treating all animals in contact with the infested dog to prevent reinfestation.
