What Is Atlantoaxial Luxation in Dogs?
Atlantoaxial luxation in dogs refers to instability between the first two cervical vertebrae, the atlas (C1) and the axis (C2). This condition leads to neck pain and neurological issues. It often results from a congenital malformation of the axis or ligament weakness. Even minor trauma can exacerbate the misalignment, triggering symptoms.
Dogs Most at Risk
Small breeds like Toy Poodles, Yorkshire Terriers, and Chihuahuas are more susceptible to this condition. Symptoms typically appear before the age of two. Large breeds and cats are rarely affected.
Clinical Signs of Atlantoaxial Luxation
Common symptoms include:
- Neck pain
- Head held low
- Ataxia (unsteady gait)
- Tetraparesis (weakness in all four limbs)
In severe cases, complete paralysis can occur due to spinal cord compression, posing risks of respiratory distress and death.
Diagnosing Atlantoaxial Luxation
Veterinarians perform cervical radiographs without anesthesia to prevent worsening spinal compression. These images often reveal an abnormal gap between the atlas and axis. If results are inconclusive, additional radiographs under anesthesia or advanced imaging like MRI or CT scans may be considered.Vca
Treatment Options
Treatment aims to stabilize the joint, alleviate pain, and improve neurological function.
- Conservative Treatment: Strict crate rest, use of a cervical brace, and administration of anti-inflammatory medications. This approach suits mild cases or situations where surgery isn’t feasible.
- Surgical Intervention: Permanent stabilization of the joint using screws, pins, and bone cement. This method is recommended for moderate to severe cases and offers better long-term outcomes.
Prolonged use of a brace can lead to neck muscle atrophy, increasing injury risks after its removal.
Prognosis
The prognosis depends on the condition’s severity and chosen treatment. Medical management alone often results in a guarded prognosis due to persistent joint instability. Surgical intervention boasts a success rate of 70% to 75%, especially in young dogs with recent and moderate symptoms.
Dogs diagnosed with this condition should not be bred, as the malformation may be hereditary.
