A prostatic abscess in dogs is a serious condition caused by a bacterial infection in the prostate gland. It usually develops following benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), an infected prostatic cyst, or chronic prostatitis. If left untreated, this infection can lead to severe complications such as systemic infection, abscess rupture, or even sepsis—putting the dog’s life at risk.

Clinical Signs of a Prostatic Abscess

Symptoms can vary depending on the stage of the infection. The most common signs include:

• Difficulty urinating or defecating
• Abnormal penile discharge
• Marked abdominal pain
• Fever, lethargy, and loss of appetite
• Stiff gait or pain when walking

In some cases, the condition becomes chronic, with intermittent episodes of infection and discomfort. Chronic forms are more difficult to manage and can recur if not properly treated.

Diagnosing a Prostatic Abscess

A rectal examination by a veterinarian may reveal a swollen and painful prostate. To confirm the diagnosis and determine the severity of the abscess, several diagnostic tests are performed:

• Prostatic ultrasound to detect fluid-filled pockets (abscesses)
• Fine-needle aspiration of the abscess for cytology and bacterial culture
• Blood tests to assess systemic impact and inflammatory markers

Treatment Options for Prostatic Abscesses

The primary goals of treatment are to reduce prostate size and eliminate the bacterial infection.

• Castration is recommended for dogs not intended for breeding. It leads to a significant reduction in prostate volume.
• Antibiotic therapy is necessary for 4 to 6 weeks, based on culture results to ensure the appropriate choice of antibiotics.
• In some cases, abscess drainage may be attempted using a needle, with antibiotics instilled directly into the abscess. Multiple sessions are often required for full resolution.

Prognosis and Prevention

Early intervention greatly improves the prognosis. Chronic or untreated abscesses are more challenging and may lead to complications such as peritonitis or urinary obstruction. Preventive measures include early neutering and regular veterinary check-ups for older, intact males. Monitoring for urinary symptoms or abnormal discharge can help detect prostate issues before they become life-threatening.