A retained egg in birds occurs when a female bird is unable to expel an egg. This health issue can result from various factors such as an oversized egg, a soft shell, or abnormalities within the reproductive system. It commonly affects females with a diet poor in vitamins and calcium, first-time layers, or so-called “chronic layers.” Notably, a female bird does not require the presence of a male to initiate egg laying.

Species at risk

Some bird species are more prone to egg retention. These include:

• Finches
• Canaries
• Parakeets and parrots
• Lovebirds
• Cockatiels

These small birds often lay multiple eggs at once, sometimes every month, earning them the label “chronic layers.” Although these species are at higher risk, no bird species is entirely immune to this delicate health issue.

Nutritional demands of egg laying

Egg formation and laying place high energy and nutrient demands on the bird’s body. To support this process, an increased intake of several nutrients is essential:

• Vitamin A
• Calcium
• Vitamin E
• Selenium
• Proteins
• Fats

A balanced diet is crucial for all birds, and even more so for laying females. If your bird lays eggs frequently, consider providing a calcium supplement, such as:

• Cuttlebone
• Cooked eggshells
• Crushed oyster shells
• Commercial powdered or liquid calcium supplements

Recognizing the symptoms

Certain signs may indicate a retained egg. Look for:

• Repeated unsuccessful attempts at laying
• Abnormal droppings (smaller, larger, or with a distinct odor)
• A swollen abdomen (a bump in the coelomic area)
• A straining posture with legs spread apart
• General weakness, lethargy, or difficulty perching
• Labored breathing and a reduced appetite

If these signs persist for several days, the situation becomes a medical emergency and requires prompt veterinary attention.

Veterinary diagnosis of retained egg in birds

During an examination, the veterinarian will assess:

• The overall condition of the bird
• Hydration levels
• Presence of any abdominal mass
• Vascular condition of the legs

Additional tests such as radiography, blood tests, or coelomic fluid sampling may be necessary to determine the severity of the condition and decide on the most effective treatment.

Treatment and prevention strategies of retained egg in birds

Treatment may be managed at home or require brief hospitalization, depending on the case. To prevent recurrence, it is recommended to reduce the frequency and intensity of egg laying. Preventive measures include:

• Reducing the photoperiod (hours of light exposure)
• Avoiding behaviors that stimulate laying (excessive handling or mirrored stimuli)
• Removing items that may trigger reproductive behaviors

In cases where behavioral adjustments are insufficient, two medical solutions exist:

• Regular injections of Lupron (a hormonal inhibitor)
• Placement of a Suprelorin implant for temporary medical sterilization