Seasonal Allergies in Dogs: Symptoms and Treatment

Seasonal Allergies in Dogs

Équipe de rédaction MonVet

par l'équipe scientifique MonVet

What are seasonal allergies in dogs?

Seasonal allergies in dogs typically appear as skin issues, including frequent itching and redness. Dogs may scratch or bite themselves, especially around the ears, paws, face, armpits, groin, tail base, and back. These symptoms are caused by a hypersensitive immune response to environmental allergens, such as pollen or dust mites. While these allergies mostly occur from spring to fall, they can persist year-round if triggered by non-seasonal allergens.

Where do symptoms appear?

Dogs with seasonal allergies often experience itching and inflammation in the following areas:

Ears, eyes, and muzzle
Groin, belly, and armpits
Tail, elbows, hocks, and feet

Skin trauma caused by excessive scratching can lead to:

Hair loss
Scabs and wounds
Lichenification (thickened skin)
Hyperpigmentation (darkened skin)
Seborrhea (greasy skin)

What are the common complications?

Secondary infections caused by bacteria or fungi are common. These infections appear as pimples, crusts, scabs, or flakes. They are especially frequent around the ears, between the toes, and near the claws. Some dogs may develop hot spots, boils, or hives, particularly on their feet, chin, or rump. In severe cases, the skin can become very dry and uncomfortable.

When do symptoms occur?

Most cases appear between spring and fall due to seasonal allergens like pollen. If symptoms persist throughout the year, indoor allergens like dust mites may be responsible.

Which dog breeds are more prone?

Seasonal skin allergies often appear before age 3. Breeds most commonly affected include:

Boston, Scottish, and Cairn Terriers
Dalmatians
Bulldogs and English Setters
Golden and Labrador Retrievers
Irish Setters
Lhasa Apsos
Schnauzers
Pugs
West Highland White Terriers
Wire-haired Fox Terriers

What causes seasonal allergies?

Seasonal allergies, or atopic dermatitis, occur when a dog’s immune system overreacts to substances in the environment. This inherited condition triggers itching and skin inflammation.

Common environmental allergens:

Dust mites (most common)
Pollens
Mold spores
Dander
Dust
Grass

How are seasonal allergies diagnosed?

There’s no single lab test to confirm seasonal allergies. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs and by excluding other causes like:

Parasites (fleas, sarcoptic mange)
Bacterial and fungal infections
Food allergies

How are seasonal allergies treated?

Although not curable, symptoms can be managed with medication and immunotherapy:

Corticosteroids: Quick relief, but with possible long-term side effects
Cyclosporine: Long-term immune system suppressant
Oclacitinib (Apoquel): Fast-acting itch relief with minimal side effects
Lokivetmab (Cytopoint): Safe and effective antibody injection
Antihistamines: Can support other therapies, though less effective alone

What is immunotherapy?

This treatment desensitizes the immune system by exposing it to small doses of specific allergens. After 6–12 months, 60–80% of dogs show significant improvement.