What Are Dog Food Allergies?
Dog food allergies occur when a dog’s immune system reacts abnormally to certain ingredients in food. The most common signs include itching—especially around the ears, feet, face, armpits, groin, under the tail, and rump—along with recurring ear infections and bacterial skin infections.
Gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and gas may also occur. Crusts, pimples, and skin lesions can develop due to self-trauma from scratching or biting.
Breeds More Prone to Food Allergies
Certain breeds are genetically predisposed to food allergies, including:
- Labradors
- Golden Retrievers
- Cocker Spaniels
- Shar Peis
- Dalmatians
- German Shepherds
- Boxers and Bulldogs
When Do Food Allergies Develop?
Food allergies can develop at any age, but dogs younger than 6 months or older than 6 years are more commonly affected. It’s important to monitor your dog for symptoms throughout their life.
Common Food Allergens in Dogs
Food allergies are typically triggered by proteins, either animal or plant-based. The most common allergens include:
- Beef
- Dairy products
- Chicken
- Wheat
- Eggs
- Corn
- Soy
How to Diagnose a Food Allergy
The gold standard for diagnosing food allergies is an elimination diet. This involves feeding your dog a diet with limited ingredients and no common allergens for 2 to 3 months. Skin symptoms usually improve within two weeks, while digestive symptoms can take up to six weeks.
During the trial, avoid all other foods, including non-hypoallergenic treats, bones, table scraps, and flavored medications.
Recommended Diet Options for Elimination Trials
- Hydrolyzed protein diets: Proteins are broken into small particles that the immune system doesn’t recognize.
- Novel protein diets: Made with one new protein and one carbohydrate source. These may still cause reactions in sensitive dogs.
- Home-cooked diets: Require strict adherence to a vet-approved recipe to avoid allergen exposure.
Confirming the Diagnosis
After the elimination phase, a food challenge is performed by reintroducing the original food. If symptoms return within two weeks, the diagnosis of a food allergy is confirmed.
Treatment Options for Food Allergies
- Hypoallergenic diet: Feeding a complete, balanced, hypoallergenic diet is the cornerstone of treatment.
- Medications: Anti-inflammatories like prednisone and anti-itch medications like oclacitinib or Cytopoint can reduce symptoms.
- Over-the-counter products: Shampoos, conditioners, and omega-3 fatty acids can support skin health and reduce itching.
In Summary
Food allergies are a common cause of itching in dogs. A methodical approach to diagnosis and treatment—including dietary changes and symptom management—is essential. If your dog is excessively scratching or showing signs of allergies, don’t wait. Book an appointment for a full veterinary evaluation today.
