What is vestibular syndrome in senior dogs?
Vestibular syndrome in older dogs is a sudden and non-progressive disorder of the peripheral vestibular system, which plays a key role in balance. It does not affect the brain or spinal cord directly but severely impacts coordination. Although the exact cause remains unclear, some specialists suggest it may involve abnormal endolymphatic fluid circulation within the inner ear’s semicircular canals. Others point to inflammation of the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII) as a potential cause.
This condition mainly affects dogs over 8 years old. It is not linked to breed or sex, although medium to large dogs appear to be more frequently affected.
Common symptoms
Dogs with vestibular syndrome often show:
- Sudden loss of balance
- Disorientation
- Difficulty standing or walking
- Head tilt (usually toward the affected side)
- Involuntary eye movements (nystagmus)
- Head tremors
- Nausea or vomiting
In most cases, symptoms affect only one side of the body. Muscle tone remains normal, and proprioception is usually unaffected.
Diagnosing vestibular syndrome
The diagnosis is based on ruling out other possible causes. Vets first check for conditions like inner or middle ear infections, which may present with additional symptoms, such as eardrum rupture or other cranial nerve issues. Other potential causes include head trauma or ototoxic medications.
A thorough physical exam and medical history guide the diagnosis. Blood tests may be run, although they rarely show abnormalities. Advanced imaging like CT scans or MRIs may be used to rule out more serious issues.
Treatment and recovery
Treatment depends on symptom severity:
- Mild cases: monitored at home with supportive care.
- Severe cases: require hospitalization, IV fluids, medication for nausea or anxiety, warm bedding, and massage to prevent pressure sores.
Once the dog can stand, eat, and drink, they may return home. Follow-up checks every 2–3 days help track progress.
Most dogs improve within 72 hours, with full recovery typically occurring in 2–3 weeks. Relapses are rare but can be triggered by stress or other events.
Conclusion
While vestibular syndrome in older dogs can be alarming, it is often temporary and non-life-threatening. With proper care and monitoring, most dogs make a full recovery. If your dog suddenly loses balance, contact your veterinarian immediately for assessment and care.
