What is canine dilated cardiomyopathy?
Canine dilated cardiomyopathy is a serious heart condition that primarily affects large breed dogs. The disease causes the heart to enlarge and pump blood inefficiently, often leading to congestive heart failure or arrhythmias.
Causes and risk factors
This condition is more common in:
- Dobermans, Boxers, Great Danes, Irish Wolfhounds
- Male dogs (more frequently affected)
- Dogs with taurine or L-carnitine deficiency
- Dogs fed unbalanced diets
Common symptoms
Clinical signs can appear gradually or suddenly:
- Rapid breathing (tachypnea)
- Persistent coughing
- Respiratory distress
- Irregular heartbeat
- Fluid buildup in the abdomen (ascites)
- Weight loss and general weakness
Recommended diagnostic tests
To confirm the diagnosis, your veterinarian may suggest:
- Chest X-rays to check heart size and fluid in the lungs
- Electrocardiogram (ECG) to detect arrhythmias
- Echocardiogram to assess heart function
- Blood and urine tests to rule out other conditions
Treatment options
Treatment aims to relieve symptoms and support heart function:
- Oxygen therapy for dogs in distress
- Diuretics to reduce fluid accumulation
- Cardiac medications (pimobendan, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers)
- Low-sodium diet
- Taurine or L-carnitine supplements for certain breeds
Prognosis and long-term care
Prognosis varies depending on the dog’s response to treatment. With proper care, dogs can live several months to years. Ongoing veterinary check-ups are essential to adjust therapy and ensure quality of life.
