Eclampsia in nursing dogs is a life-threatening condition that typically occurs within three weeks after giving birth. It results from a severe drop in blood calcium levels. During pregnancy, large amounts of calcium are used to form the puppies’ skeletons. After birth, lactation continues to demand high calcium levels. If dietary intake is inadequate, or the litter is large, the mother may suffer from a calcium deficiency that leads to eclampsia.
Clinical Signs
Eclampsia symptoms in dogs are usually easy to identify. Affected females may show panting, trembling, and generalized weakness. These tremors can elevate body temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate. If not treated promptly, the condition can worsen, causing seizures. Without immediate intervention, seizures can lead to permanent damage or even death.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is based on the dog’s history—usually a small-breed dog actively nursing a large litter—and visible symptoms. A blood test measuring calcium levels typically confirms the diagnosis, showing lower-than-normal values. However, due to the urgency of the situation, treatment is often started before test results are available.
Treatment for Eclampsia in Dogs
The main treatment is slow intravenous administration of calcium. This restores normal calcium levels and relieves symptoms. However, it’s critical to monitor the dog’s heart function during the injection, ideally using an electrocardiogram (ECG). After treatment, blood tests are repeated to confirm that calcium levels have stabilized and to rule out hypoglycemia.
Prevention and Follow-Up
To prevent recurrence, the mother should be temporarily separated from her litter and not allowed to nurse for at least 24 hours. If nursing resumes, calcium supplements and a nutritionally balanced diet will be prescribed.
Proper nutrition during pregnancy and lactation is essential. However, calcium supplements should not be given during pregnancy, as they can actually increase the risk of postpartum hypocalcemia by suppressing the body’s natural calcium regulation mechanisms.
Conclusion
Eclampsia in nursing dogs is a medical emergency requiring immediate veterinary attention. Early detection and proper management are crucial to protecting the health of both the mother and her puppies. If you notice any signs or have concerns, don’t hesitate to contact your veterinarian for guidance and support.
