Testicular tumor in dogs is a common condition, especially in intact males and senior dogs. If left untreated, it can lead to serious health issues. Understanding the different tumor types, risk factors, and treatment options is crucial for your dog’s long-term health.
Types of Testicular Tumors
Testicular tumors account for about 90% of all male reproductive organ tumors. They originate from different testicular cell types: Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and germ cells. The three most common tumor types are:
- Sertoli cell tumors (34%): Firm, white masses, often with areas of necrosis.
- Leydig cell tumors (27%): Soft, small, and easily compressed masses.
- Seminomas (31%): Homogeneous, usually located at the testicle’s end.
Sertoli cell tumors are the most likely to become malignant, with a malignancy rate of 10–14%. Seminomas follow with a 6–10% risk. Leydig cell tumors are rarely malignant.
Symptoms of Testicular Tumors in Dogs
Symptoms vary depending on the tumor type but may include:
- Testicular enlargement: Seen in 50% of Sertoli tumors and 25% of seminomas.
- Changes in texture: One testicle may feel softer, firmer, or smaller than the other.
- Infertility: Tumors can affect reproductive capabilities.
Some tumors also cause hormone-related symptoms. Sertoli tumors may lead to feminization syndrome, and tumors near the prostate may cause prostate enlargement.
Diagnosing Testicular Tumors in Dogs
If a testicular abnormality is noticed, further tests are essential. Ultrasound is the preferred diagnostic tool to assess testicular structure and check for possible metastases. Abdominal ultrasounds can also locate undescended testicles and reveal other related complications.
Treatment Options
The standard treatment for testicular tumors is surgical castration of both testicles, provided there is no evidence of metastasis. If the dog is a breeding male, only the affected testicle may be removed. Chemotherapy may be considered if cancer has spread. If feminization syndrome is present, it usually resolves within one to two months after surgery in 88% of cases.
