A common condition in small breeds

Tracheal collapse in dogs is a respiratory condition frequently seen in toy and miniature breeds. Tracheal collapse in dogs typically occurs in middle-aged to older dogs and is caused by the weakening of the tracheal cartilage rings. This leads to the collapse of the trachea, especially in the cervical (neck) or intrathoracic (chest) regions.

Recognizing the symptoms

Common signs of tracheal collapse include:

• A dry, honking cough that worsens over time
• Coughing triggered by leash pressure or when lifted
• Noisy or labored breathing, especially during excitement
• Difficulty tolerating exercise or stress
• Blue-tinged gums or tongue in severe cases (cyanosis)

Diagnosing tracheal collapse

Several diagnostic tools help confirm the condition:

• X-rays to evaluate the shape and condition of the trachea during inhalation and exhalation
• Fluoroscopy, a real-time imaging technique, to observe tracheal movement
• Bronchoscopy, using a tiny camera inserted into the airway, for precise collapse assessment (not used during acute phases)

Acute phase treatment

During a crisis, the priority is to calm the dog and reduce stress:

• Use prescribed sedatives (e.g., diazepam)
• Administer antitussives like butorphanol to relieve coughing
• Give corticosteroids to reduce tracheal swelling
• Oxygen therapy may be required for dogs with severe breathing issues

Long-term management

For chronic cases:

• Maintain antitussive therapy as needed
• Adjust medications based on the dog’s response
• Manage weight carefully to reduce pressure on the airway
• Always use a harness instead of a collar
• Avoid smoke and airborne irritants

Surgical options and prevention

When medications no longer provide relief:

• An intratracheal stent may be surgically placed to keep the trachea open
• Preventive care includes limiting physical exertion and reducing exposure to respiratory irritants

Helping your dog live comfortably

With consistent veterinary care and lifestyle adjustments, dogs with tracheal collapse can enjoy a better quality of life despite this chronic condition.