What are Coccidia?
Coccidia are microscopic intestinal parasites primarily affecting cats. These protozoans cause digestive issues, particularly problematic for kittens and immunocompromised animals.
How Do Cats Contract Coccidia?
Cats acquire these parasites by ingesting infected fecal matter or drinking contaminated water. Once inside the cat’s body, coccidia colonize the intestines and begin their reproductive cycle.
Life Cycle of Coccidia in Cats
The parasite settles in the cat’s intestines, producing eggs known as oocysts. Initially non-infectious when expelled in feces, these oocysts quickly become infectious in the environment.
When a cat ingests these eggs, sporozoites—the infectious form of the parasite—are released in the digestive tract. They invade intestinal mucosal cells, multiplying and causing lesions. Mature parasites burst infected cells, spreading further infection.
The cycle concludes with new oocyst formation, which can survive in the environment for up to one year. In cats, Isospora felis completes its life cycle in 7 to 11 days before becoming infectious again.
Clinical Signs of Coccidia in Cats
Infected cats may exhibit:
- Yellowish diarrhea, often resembling mustard
- Blood present in stool
- Vomiting and dehydration, particularly severe in young kittens
- Appetite loss and lethargy
Symptoms are common in kittens aged 4 to 6 weeks and recently adopted cats, as stress can weaken their immune systems.
Diagnosing Coccidia
Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of feces. Coccidia eggs have a slightly oval shape and thick wall, with a dark inner portion and clear outer region.
Treatment Options
Fortunately, effective veterinary-prescribed antiparasitic medications are available, safely eliminating coccidia.
Supportive care, such as hydration and anti-diarrheal treatments, may also be necessary to facilitate faster recovery.
Prevention and Recommendations
- Regularly clean litter boxes to minimize contamination
- Disinfect surfaces with products specifically effective against intestinal parasites
- Ensure drinking water is clean and free from contamination
Implementing these measures effectively reduces coccidia spread, safeguarding your cat’s health.
