What is Toxocara?

Toxocara are intestinal parasites residing in the small intestine of their primary host. In cats, the species is called Toxocara cati. These worms resemble spaghetti or sprouted beans and measure several centimeters long. They are among the most common intestinal worms in cats.

Life Cycle of Toxocara

Adult worms produce eggs expelled in cat feces. Under favorable conditions, larvae inside these eggs mature within eight weeks, becoming infectious.

Upon ingestion by a cat, eggs hatch in the stomach or small intestine. Larvae then migrate to the lungs, mature there, move up to the larynx, are coughed up, swallowed again, and return to the small intestine to become adult worms.

The complete life cycle lasts about two months. Parasite eggs can remain viable in the environment for up to five years, increasing contamination risks.

Transmission Methods

Toxocara cati transmits through several pathways:

• Ingesting environmental eggs;
• Transplacental transmission (from mother to fetus);
• Through mother’s milk;
• Consuming a paratenic host (mouse, rat, chicken, etc.). The latter is most common in cats.

Symptoms and Clinical Signs of Toxocara in Cats

Usually, infected cats show no visible symptoms. However, some may experience:

• Diarrhea, sometimes with vomiting;
• Weight loss despite normal or increased appetite;
• Intestinal obstruction from heavy infestations, potentially leading to perforation.

Is Toxocara Contagious to Humans?

Yes, humans can contract Toxocara cati! Accidental egg ingestion can cause the parasite to migrate erratically within the body. In humans, it may lodge in the retina, causing vision problems or even blindness.

Diagnosing Toxocara Infestation

Infection confirmation involves identifying adult worms or analyzing stool samples under a microscope. Eggs have an oval shape with a thick double wall, featuring a dark internal area and a clear outer area.

Since egg laying may be irregular, multiple stool analyses might be necessary for a reliable diagnosis.

Treatment and Prevention

Effective and safe veterinary-prescribed medications are available to treat this parasitic infection.

To prevent infestation, follow these guidelines:

• Quickly remove cat feces to limit environmental egg contamination;
• Wear gloves when handling feces and wash hands thoroughly afterward;
• Carefully clean garden vegetables before consumption;
• Administer preventive antiparasitic medication to outdoor cats from spring to autumn.

Conclusion

Toxocara is a highly common intestinal parasite transmissible to humans. Fortunately, effective prevention methods and treatments exist to safeguard your cat and household. Consult your veterinarian to establish the best antiparasitic protocol for your pet.