Understanding and managing canine seizures

Epilepsy in dogs is a chronic neurological condition that causes sudden, recurring seizures. Epilepsy in dogs can often be managed successfully with lifelong treatment, regular monitoring, and proper at-home care.

⚡ Types of seizures in dogs

1-Generalized seizures

• Dog collapses on its side
• Rhythmic limb movements (tonic-clonic contractions)
• Excessive drooling
• Often accompanied by loss of consciousness

2-Partial (focal) seizures

• Affect one limb or a group of muscles
• Localized twitching, commonly in the facial muscles

Post-ictal phase

• Occurs right after a seizure
• Signs include confusion, disorientation, and unusual behavior
  ⚠️ Dogs may not recognize you and could unintentionally bite—do not handle directly

🚨 When to seek emergency care

Contact your veterinarian immediately if:

• A seizure lasts more than 5 minutes
• Your dog experiences multiple seizures in a row with no recovery period
• The dog enters status epilepticus

👉 During a seizure:

• Do not intervene physically
• Move objects away and ensure the environment is safe and cushioned

🔬 Possible causes and diagnostic tests

Epilepsy may be idiopathic (no known cause) or secondary to another condition. Diagnostic testing may include:

• Bloodwork
• Urinalysis
• Blood pressure measurement
• Brain MRI or CT scan
• Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis

📘 Seizure log: a helpful tool

Keep a record of each seizure including:

• Date and time
• Duration
• Location and activity prior to seizure
• Symptoms observed

This log helps your vet evaluate the effectiveness of treatment and adjust it as needed.

💊 Treatment and long-term care

Medication is typically prescribed if:

• Your dog had a status epilepticus episode
• More than two generalized seizures in six months
• Cluster seizures occur (several in a short time)
• The dog shows post-seizure aggression

Key points about treatment:

• Anti-seizure medications are for life
• Regular blood tests are needed to monitor the treatment’s effect and safety
• Stick to prescribed dosage and timing without variation

📞 We’re here to help

If you notice any change in your dog’s seizure frequency or behavior—or have any questions—don’t hesitate to contact your veterinary team. We’re here to guide you every step of the way.