What Are Inflammatory Polyps?
Feline inflammatory polyps symptoms arise from pedunculated masses that develop in the middle ear. They can migrate towards the pharynx through the Eustachian tubes or rupture the eardrum, reaching the ear canal. Eustachian tubes connect the middle ear to the nasopharynx.
Although their exact cause remains unclear, these polyps are frequently observed in cats previously affected by viral respiratory infections.
Symptoms Depending on Location
Clinical signs vary according to the polyp’s location:
- In the ear: purulent discharge, itching, head tilt towards the affected side, loss of balance.
- In the pharynx: audible breathing noises from the throat, difficulty swallowing, changes in vocalization (meowing).
Diagnostic Tests
A precise diagnosis involves several steps:
Screening for underlying diseases:
It is highly recommended to screen cats for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) through specific tests.
Blood tests:
Hematology and biochemistry analyses help rule out other underlying conditions.
Ear examination:
Under general anesthesia, a thorough ear examination is performed. Polyps may be visible in the vertical or horizontal canal or behind the tympanic membrane (causing otitis media).
Medical imaging:
X-rays can confirm otitis media. A CT scan can suggest the presence of polyps in the tympanic bullae.
Oral examination:
Under anesthesia, a mass may be palpable or visible by manipulating the soft palate.
Treatments
The treatment of feline inflammatory polyps depends on their location and accessibility:
Traction removal:
Under general anesthesia, accessible polyps are extracted. This method carries approximately a 50% risk of recurrence. Corticosteroid treatment is often recommended following this procedure.
Specialized surgery:
In cases of recurrence or inaccessible polyps, a ventral bulla osteotomy is necessary. This surgery, performed by a specialist, involves removing the epithelium from which the polyp originates.
Possible Complications
Horner’s syndrome:
Characterized by a smaller pupil on one side, drooping of the upper eyelid, and prolapse of the third eyelid. This syndrome usually resolves within one month.
Permanent head tilt:
Some cats may permanently retain a slight head tilt to one side.
