What is folic acid?

Folic acid is a vital vitamin that plays a major role in various biological functions in mammals. It is especially important for:

• DNA production
• Cell regeneration
• Formation of red blood cells

A sufficient intake of folic acid is essential for the proper functioning of the body.

What are the effects of folic acid deficiency in animals?

A folic acid deficiency can seriously affect an animal’s health. This condition may lead to:

• Poor red blood cell production, causing fragile and immature cells
• Anemia due to early destruction or inefficiency of these cells
• Neurological and digestive issues, reducing the animal’s overall vitality

In pregnant females, the deficiency may also interfere with fetal development, potentially causing congenital abnormalities.

Risks of folic acid deficiency in pregnant cats

While studies on folic acid in cats are limited, research on dogs and humans helps veterinarians predict similar risks. A deficiency in pregnant cats may:

• Increase the risk of dystocia (difficulty delivering kittens)
• Disrupt fetal development, leading to birth defects
• Cause abnormalities like cleft palate (an opening between mouth and nose)
• Affect spinal cord development, resulting in nervous system malformations

Although these effects haven’t been conclusively proven in cats, veterinary experts consider them based on physiological similarities across species.

Causes of folic acid deficiency

Unlike humans, where low dietary intake is a common cause, folic acid deficiency in cats usually results from:

• Gastrointestinal diseases, which impair nutrient absorption
• Liver and pancreatic disorders, affecting folic acid availability
• Natural decrease during pregnancy, as shown in studies on dogs

Although this pregnancy-related drop hasn’t been extensively studied in cats, it may pose similar risks for fetal development.

How to prevent folic acid deficiency in pregnant cats

Preventing folic acid deficiency involves ensuring proper nutrition throughout pregnancy. Two main strategies are recommended:

• Provide a diet rich in folic acid, specifically formulated for pregnant cats
• Supplement with folic acid, ensuring optimal levels for fetal health

In dogs, supplementation has been shown to raise blood folic acid levels and reduce congenital defect risks. It is likely that cats would benefit similarly.

Conclusion

Folic acid is a key nutrient for pregnant cats and the healthy development of their kittens. Although scientific data on cats is limited, folic acid supplementation is a highly recommended preventive measure. To ensure a smooth pregnancy and reduce the risk of birth defects, consult your veterinarian to adjust your cat’s diet and consider appropriate supplements.