Gastric torsion in dogs, also known as gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), is a critical emergency that can lead to death within hours if not treated promptly. This life-threatening condition occurs when the dog’s stomach fills with gas, becomes distended, and twists on itself—cutting off blood flow and trapping the contents inside.

Causes and Risk Factors of Gastric Torsion

Gastric torsion primarily affects large and deep-chested dog breeds, including:

• Great Danes
• German Shepherds
• Doberman Pinschers
• Saint Bernards
• Weimaraners

Several factors increase the risk of GDV, such as:

• Eating large meals too quickly
• Being fed only once per day
• Vigorous exercise shortly after eating
• A family history of gastric torsion
• High levels of stress or anxiety

Symptoms to Watch For

The signs of gastric torsion come on suddenly and worsen rapidly. Look for:

• A swollen, painful abdomen
• Unproductive attempts to vomit
• Excessive drooling
• Restlessness, weakness, or collapse
• Labored breathing and rapid heart rate

If your dog shows these symptoms, seek emergency veterinary care immediately.

Diagnosis and Emergency Treatment

Diagnosis is typically confirmed through a physical exam and abdominal X-rays. Emergency treatment includes:

• Stabilizing the dog with IV fluids and oxygen support
• Decompressing the stomach using a gastric tube or trocar
• Emergency surgery to untwist and reposition the stomach, followed by gastropexy (stomach tacking) to prevent recurrence

Preventive Surgery: Prophylactic Gastropexy

For at-risk breeds, prophylactic gastropexy is a surgical procedure that permanently attaches the stomach to the abdominal wall. This prevents the stomach from twisting again. It is often recommended at the time of spaying or neutering in predisposed dogs.

Prognosis and Post-Operative Care

Survival depends heavily on how quickly treatment is initiated. Thanks to modern veterinary care, the mortality rate has dropped from 45% to about 15% with timely intervention.

After surgery, your dog will require:

• Careful monitoring during recovery
• Small, frequent meals
• Limited physical activity after meals to reduce the risk of recurrence

Conclusion

Gastric torsion in dogs is a true medical emergency that requires immediate intervention. Knowing the signs, acting fast, and considering preventive surgery for high-risk breeds can save your dog’s life. Consult your veterinarian to discuss a prevention plan and ensure a safer, healthier future for your companion.