What is Heatstroke in Animals?
Heatstroke in animals is an excessive elevation of body temperature. It often occurs due to intense external heat, such as being in a car under direct sunlight or during a heatwave. Intense physical exertion can also cause it, especially if the animal is unable to properly dissipate heat. Dogs are the most vulnerable, particularly brachycephalic breeds (with flat noses), overweight animals, and those with thick or dark fur.
The Dangers
An excessively high body temperature causes cell damage and triggers inflammatory responses. Therefore, the damage doesn’t only come from the heat itself but also from the body’s excessive response. Serious complications can occur, such as clotting disorders, brain damage, kidney failure, or cardiac arrhythmia. Additionally, the intestinal lining can be damaged, allowing bacteria to spread into the bloodstream and cause a generalized infection.
Symptoms to Watch For
Signs of heatstroke in animals should be taken seriously. An affected animal may show:
- Excessive panting
- Tremors
- Seizures
- Vomiting and diarrhea
- Inability to stand up
- Respiratory distress
During a veterinary examination, the rectal temperature usually exceeds 40°C (104°F). Mucous membranes may appear dark, and small skin hemorrhages (petechiae) may be visible. To assess the severity, the veterinarian will perform a blood test, urine analysis, and clotting test.
What to Do?
It is essential to act quickly to reduce body temperature and prevent complications. Here are the steps to follow:
- Immediately cool the animal by spraying it with cool water or applying wet towels (without causing thermal shock).
- Rush it to a veterinarian for emergency care.
Intensive care hospitalization may be necessary. The veterinary team will monitor temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate. Depending on the complications, specific treatments will be administered, particularly for kidney failure, respiratory distress, or neurological issues related to heatstroke in animals.
Preventing Heatstroke in Animals
The prognosis depends on the severity of the condition and the speed of treatment. The sooner the animal receives care, the better its chances of recovery. To prevent heatstroke in animals, it is important to:
- Limit outdoor activities during the hottest times.
- Avoid intense exercise.
- Always provide fresh water and a shaded area.
If in doubt, consult a veterinarian promptly. Quick intervention can save a life.
