Pasteurellosis in pet rabbits is a common disease caused by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida. This infection can present in various forms, depending on the strain’s virulence, the rabbit’s immune system, and its living environment. Stress and hygiene conditions also play a key role in the development of the disease.
Transmission of Pasteurellosis in Rabbits
The bacterium is mainly transmitted through direct contact with infected rabbits, especially via respiratory secretions. However, indirect transmission through contaminated surfaces is also possible. The bacteria can colonize the oropharynx and then spread to the respiratory tract, ears, eyes, or even internal organs. Contamination may also occur through handling between carrier and non-carrier rabbits.
Clinical Signs of Pasteurellosis
Symptoms vary depending on the area affected:
- Respiratory infections: rhinitis, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, frequent sneezing, nasal and eye discharge, noisy or labored breathing
- Ear infections (otitis): head tilt, loss of balance, excessive scratching
- Abscesses: firm swellings, often requiring surgical drainage
- Sepsis: lethargy, anorexia, fever, and in severe cases, sudden death
Veterinary Diagnosis
The veterinarian will perform a thorough physical examination and auscultation of the lungs. Additional tests such as X-rays or CT scans may be advised to assess the extent of internal damage. A bacterial culture taken from nasal discharge, an abscess, or the ear will help identify the strain and determine the most effective antibiotic.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the severity of the infection and may include:
- Targeted antibiotic therapy based on culture results
- Supportive care, including oxygen, hydration, and assisted feeding
- Surgical intervention in severe cases, such as draining an abscess or removing an infected ear canal
In chronic cases, the rabbit may remain a carrier and experience recurrent flare-ups during times of stress or immune suppression.
Home Care and Prevention
To support recovery and reduce the risk of recurrence:
- Regularly clean the rabbit’s nasal passages to prevent secretion buildup
- Maintain strict hygiene: disinfect the cage frequently and use dust-free, non-irritating litter
- Monitor appetite and digestion; syringe feeding may be required during illness
- Minimize stress, which can worsen the condition
Although pasteurellosis can be a challenging disease, proper veterinary care and good hygiene significantly improve the rabbit’s quality of life. If you notice suspicious symptoms, consult an exotic animal veterinarian promptly.
