Why is Dental Care Essential for Pets?
We all want our pets to live healthy, long lives. As their life expectancy increases, dental care becomes a critical part of preventive medicine. Contrary to popular belief, pet dental care isn’t merely cosmetic. Dental diseases, abscesses, and gingivitis can cause severe pain and allow bacteria into the bloodstream, potentially leading to serious complications such as heart disease, kidney infections (pyelonephritis), or liver problems. Dental issues develop differently depending on genetics, diet, and preventive care. Small breeds, especially miniature breeds, are often more susceptible.
How Do Dental Problems Develop?
It begins with a transparent bacterial film, known as plaque, forming on the teeth. Over time, plaque mineralizes into tartar (yellowish or brown stains). Tartar irritates the gums, causing gingivitis. Once gums become inflamed, bacteria can easily enter the bloodstream. Gradually, gums detach from teeth, creating pockets where tartar and bacteria accumulate. This can progress to advanced periodontal disease, severely damaging gums and surrounding bone, often requiring tooth extraction.
Preventing Dental Disease
Tooth Brushing:
- Recognized as the best method for preventing periodontal disease by removing plaque before it turns into tartar.
- Daily brushing with pet-specific toothpaste (e.g., Virbac C.E.T.) is recommended. Never use human toothpaste, as it’s toxic to pets.
Specialized Food:
- Preventive kibble diets, like Hill’s Prescription Diet t/d, provide gentle abrasive action to reduce tartar formation.
- Contrary to some beliefs, canned food does not increase tartar risk.
Alternative Products:
- Chew bones: Useful for prevention, but should be given cautiously due to calorie content and digestive risks.
- Dental treats: Combining mechanical and enzymatic action (e.g., C.E.T., Enzadent).
- Enzymatic gels: Applied directly in the mouth (e.g., Maxiguard).
- Mouth rinses or water additives: Products like Novaldent or Breathalyser.
Professional Pet Dental Care
Even with diligent preventive care, professional dental cleaning may become necessary. During annual exams, the veterinarian assesses your pet’s oral health, looking for tartar, gingivitis, growths, or abscesses. If dental cleaning is required:
- Procedure: Plaque and tartar are removed using ultrasonic devices and curettes. Teeth are then polished to slow future tartar buildup.
- Anesthesia: Any necessary procedures (extraction or repair) can be safely performed under general anesthesia.
Conclusion
Caring for your pet’s dental health is crucial to prevent pain and severe complications. Consult your veterinarian to establish a dental care plan tailored to your pet’s needs.
