What Is Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis?
Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Ehrlichia canis, transmitted through the bite of the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). This bacterium targets white blood cells, particularly monocytes, and can lead to serious complications if not treated promptly.
Stages of Infection
The disease progresses through three distinct stages:
- Acute Phase: Occurs 1 to 3 weeks after infection and typically lasts 2 to 4 weeks. Symptoms include fever, depression, loss of appetite, weight loss, and enlargement of the spleen and lymph nodes.
- Subclinical Phase: May persist for several months without noticeable symptoms. However, blood tests can reveal abnormalities such as a decreased platelet count and increased antibody levels.
- Chronic Phase: Without treatment, dogs may exhibit lethargy, weight loss, bleeding, and neurological issues.
Transmission and Bacterial Cycle
The brown dog tick transmits the bacterium during its blood meal. Once inside the host, Ehrlichia canis infects white blood cells and spreads to organs like the spleen and liver.
Diagnosing Ehrlichiosis
Veterinarians employ several diagnostic methods:
- Serological tests to detect antibodies.
- PCR tests to identify bacterial DNA.
- Blood analyses to observe abnormalities in blood cell counts.
Treating Ehrlichiosis
Treatment varies based on the disease stage:
- Acute Phase: Administration of antibiotics like doxycycline for 3 to 4 weeks.
- Chronic Phase: Extended antibiotic therapy and supportive care tailored to the dog’s symptoms.
Prognosis and Prevention
Early treatment typically results in a favorable prognosis. Preventive measures include effective tick control using appropriate antiparasitic treatments recommended by a veterinarian.
