What is Diabetes in Cats?

Diabetes in cats is a chronic illness characterized by high blood sugar levels. It occurs when the pancreas produces insufficient insulin (type I) or when body cells become resistant to insulin (type II). Type II diabetes is most common in cats.

Regardless of the type, organs can no longer effectively use glucose as energy, causing symptoms and potential complications.

Common Symptoms of Diabetes in Cats

Typical clinical signs include:

• Weight loss despite increased or normal appetite
• Increased thirst (polydipsia)
• Excessive urination (polyuria)
• Muscle weakness, often causing a plantigrade stance
• Frequent urinary or skin infections

Some cats may experience complicated diabetes with ketones in the blood, leading to severe symptoms:

• Loss of appetite
• Vomiting
• Dehydration
• Risk of coma or death

How to Treat Diabetes in Cats

Main treatments include:

• Regular insulin injections to control blood sugar
• Specialized diet high in protein and low in carbohydrates

Combining these approaches may lead to remission in some cats. Maintaining a proper diet is crucial to prevent relapse.

Obesity worsens feline diabetes, making strict weight control and increased physical activity essential.

Possible Side Effects of Insulin

Insulin therapy can cause hypoglycemia, with symptoms such as:

• Weakness or depression
• Unsteady walking
• Severe cases may lead to seizures or coma

If hypoglycemia is suspected, immediately administer corn syrup or maple syrup and contact a veterinarian.

Alternative Diabetes Treatments for Cats

Since 2024, Velagliflozin (Senvelgo), an oral medication, has been available for eligible cats meeting specific criteria. Contraindications include:

• Presence of ketones
• History of insulin therapy
• Clinical pancreatitis
• Chronic diarrhea
• Dehydration
• Cachexia
• Insulin-dependent diabetes

Importance of Fructosamine Measurement

Fructosamine measures average blood sugar over the past 2-3 weeks. It differentiates between temporary stress-induced hyperglycemia and true diabetes, aiding treatment monitoring.

Monitoring Diabetes Treatment

• Insulin therapy: Regular glucose curves, ideally at home using a veterinary glucometer.
• Senvelgo therapy: Regular checks for ketones, blood glucose, and clinical examination (days 2, 3, 7, 14, 30, then every 3-4 months).

Handling Insulin

• Store refrigerated
• Gently mix without shaking
• Ensure no air bubbles in the syringe
• Administer subcutaneously, alternating injection sites

Diabetes explained in video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2i479N5bzAI

For additional questions or consultations, do not hesitate to contact one of our veterinary facilities.