What is pyometra in dogs?

Pyometra in female dogs is a serious and potentially life-threatening uterine infection that typically occurs 2 to 10 weeks after the end of the heat cycle. This condition is caused by an abnormal buildup of pus inside the uterus and is most often triggered by prolonged progesterone stimulation. While it is more common in older dogs, pyometra can affect any unspayed female dog after puberty.

Clinical signs of pyometra

Female dogs with pyometra may exhibit several noticeable symptoms, such as:

• Lethargy and loss of appetite
• Vomiting and dehydration
• Increased thirst and urination
• Fever and abdominal discomfort
• Vaginal discharge (in open pyometra)

In some cases, there may be no visible discharge (closed pyometra), making the condition harder to detect. If left untreated, the infection can spread rapidly, leading to sepsis and multiple organ failure.

How is pyometra diagnosed?

Diagnosis begins with a thorough physical examination, especially if symptoms appear shortly after a heat cycle. To confirm the condition and rule out other reproductive issues (e.g., uterine tumors or general infections), the veterinarian may perform:

• Blood tests (to assess inflammation and organ function)
• Abdominal ultrasound
• X-rays to evaluate uterine enlargement

These diagnostic tools help determine the severity of the infection and guide the appropriate treatment approach.

Treatment and prevention of pyometra

In most cases, the treatment for pyometra involves an emergency ovariohysterectomy—the surgical removal of the uterus and ovaries. This procedure not only resolves the infection but also eliminates the risk of recurrence.

For young breeding dogs, a medical approach using prostaglandins might be considered to evacuate the uterine contents. However, this method carries risks, such as incomplete evacuation, uterine rupture, or recurrence. For this reason, surgery remains the safest and most effective option.

How to prevent pyometra?

The most reliable way to prevent pyometra is by spaying female dogs that are not intended for breeding. Spaying completely removes the possibility of uterine infections and contributes to the overall health and longevity of your dog.

If you notice symptoms of pyometra in your dog, don’t wait. Prompt veterinary care is essential to avoid life-threatening complications. Contact our clinic today for emergency evaluation and treatment.