Respiratory conditions in rats are among the most common reasons for veterinary consultations. These issues can affect the upper airways, the lungs, or both. Two main syndromes are typically diagnosed: bacterial pneumonia and chronic respiratory disease. Early detection and appropriate treatment are key to improving a rat’s quality of life.
Bacterial pneumonia
This serious infection is most often caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. When combined with the Sendai virus or Mycoplasma pulmonis, the disease can progress rapidly and become life-threatening. The most vulnerable individuals are:
- Young rats with immature immune systems
- Weakened adults due to illness, poor nutrition, or stress
💡 Key signs include:
- Thick, purulent nasal discharge
- Abdominal breathing
- Sudden lethargy or unexpected death
Prompt medical intervention can save lives.
Chronic respiratory disease
This condition results from a combination of pathogens, including:
- Mycoplasma pulmonis
- Sendai virus
- Streptococcus pneumoniae, Corynebacterium kutscheri, and others
Alone, these pathogens are often mild. Together, they cause severe respiratory damage over time.
🩺 Typical symptoms:
- Frequent sneezing
- Nasal discharge
- Rapid or noisy breathing
- Weight loss, dull coat
- Wheezing or other unusual respiratory sounds
📌 Chronic respiratory disease affects mostly older rats. It is manageable but not curable, and relapses are common despite normal life expectancy.
Diagnosis and treatment
A vet may perform:
- Physical examination and lung auscultation
- X-rays
- Lab analysis of nasal discharge
⚕️ In severe cases, hospitalization may be needed, with:
- Oxygen therapy
- Fluid support
- Nutritional support (gavage if needed)
- Antibiotics, anti-inflammatories
- Nebulized treatments (similar to human inhalers)
🏡 At home:
- Administer all medications as prescribed
- Keep the cage very clean
- Use paper-based litter only — avoid irritants like wood shavings
- Encourage food intake with palatable options
When to seek emergency care
🚨 Call your vet immediately if your rat:
- Struggles to breathe
- Stops eating or drinking
- Shows signs of respiratory distress (wheezing, open-mouth breathing, weight loss)
Quick intervention improves the chances of recovery and enhances overall quality of life.
