Avascular necrosis of the femoral head is a common orthopedic condition in small-breed dogs and, less frequently, cats. It is known by various terms, including aseptic necrosis of the femoral head, juvenile osteochondritis, and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. Regardless of the terminology, this condition causes significant pain, making prompt intervention crucial.
Predisposed Breeds and Symptoms
This disease primarily affects small-breed dogs, particularly toy breeds and terriers, usually before one year of age. Often, pets present with hind limb pain, which can be acute (sudden onset) or chronic (developing over weeks or months). Clinical signs include intermittent limping, reluctance to run, climb stairs, or jump. In severe cases, the pet may completely stop using the affected limb.
Diagnosing Avascular Necrosis
During the examination, the veterinarian will perform palpations to pinpoint the exact location of pain and assess muscle atrophy, indicating prolonged disuse of the limb. Radiographs are recommended to evaluate bone and joint conditions, revealing specific abnormalities such as deformation of the femoral head and neck, changes in bone opacity, osteoarthritis, or, in certain cases, fractures.
Causes of the Condition
The precise cause of avascular necrosis of the femoral head remains unclear; however, a genetic predisposition is strongly suspected. The issue begins with vascular disruption: the blood vessel supplying the femoral head and neck ceases functioning, causing gradual necrosis (cell death) in the affected area. This leads to degenerative bone and cartilage changes, resulting in pain.
Treatment Options
Anti-inflammatory medications can temporarily relieve your pet’s pain, but surgery is the definitive treatment. The surgical procedure involves removing the femoral head and neck, transforming the joint into a pseudo-joint, with the hip muscles taking over the function previously fulfilled by the removed bone. This surgery can be performed directly at our clinic or at a referral center by a veterinary orthopedic surgeon.
Post-Operative Care and Recovery
Following surgery, antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications are prescribed. Additionally, a physiotherapy protocol will be implemented to promote rapid and optimal recovery, aiming to restore functional limb use as quickly as possible. Complete recovery typically takes three to six months, with regular medical follow-ups to adjust care according to your pet’s progress.
If your companion experiences persistent limping, do not wait until the pain worsens. Contact us for an evaluation and to determine the best possible care plan!
