Skin Allergies in Cats

Does your cat frequently scratch, chew on its body, rub its face, or lick its paws compulsively? If so, they may be suffering from allergies. Unlike in humans—where allergies often lead to respiratory symptoms—cats typically show dermatological signs. In some cases, feline skin allergies can cause severe itching, leading to open wounds that are prone to infection.

Understanding Allergies

Allergies are abnormal immune responses to normally harmless substances, known as allergens. Common allergens include pollens, molds, animal dander, dust mites, fleas, or certain foods. When a cat comes into contact with an allergen—through the skin, inhalation, or ingestion—its antibodies release chemical substances that trigger symptoms: itching, redness, or even vomiting and diarrhea in cases of food allergies.

Diagnosing Allergies

Veterinarians may initially treat symptoms with immunosuppressants or antihistamines, especially during the first episode or when symptoms are seasonal. However, identifying the specific allergens becomes crucial when medications are ineffective or if the cat develops liver or kidney complications.

There are two main methods to identify the allergens involved:

Intradermal Testing:

• Under general anesthesia, small amounts of environmental allergens are injected beneath the skin.
• Reactions such as redness or swelling are observed.

Serologic Testing:

• A blood sample is analyzed to measure antibodies against various environmental and food allergens.
• This test is controversial due to the possibility of false-positive results.

Managing Skin Allergies in Cats

Once the allergens are identified, the ideal solution is to remove them from the cat’s environment, although this is often difficult. A practical alternative is desensitization therapy:

• The cat receives gradually increasing doses of allergens through injections to build tolerance.
• This treatment boosts protective antibodies (IgG), which neutralize allergens before they trigger symptoms via IgE antibodies.
• About 50% of cats respond favorably, but full efficacy typically takes 3 to 5 months.

For food allergies, desensitization is not an option. The only solution is to completely remove the offending ingredients from the cat’s diet.

Precautions and Follow-Up

Adverse reactions to desensitization are rare but may include vomiting, diarrhea, or swelling. In cases where anaphylactic shock is a concern, doses should be administered in a veterinary clinic under supervision.

If you have any questions or need help managing your cat’s allergies, don’t hesitate to consult your veterinarian.