Patent ductus arteriosus in dogs is a common congenital heart defect, particularly in breeds like Miniature Poodles, Pomeranians, and Cocker Spaniels. This condition occurs when the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth, causing abnormal blood flow between the aorta and the pulmonary artery. If left untreated, PDA can lead to progressive cardiac overload and heart failure.

How Does the Condition Work?

Before birth, the ductus arteriosus allows blood to bypass the non-functional fetal lungs. Normally, it closes shortly after birth. When it remains open, blood continues to flow through the ductus into the lungs, increasing pulmonary circulation. This leads to enlargement and thickening of the heart chambers, reducing cardiac efficiency and potentially resulting in heart failure.

Symptoms to Watch For

Signs of PDA vary. Some puppies show no symptoms initially. Others may experience mild exercise intolerance or stunted growth. A characteristic heart murmur—often described as a “machinery murmur”—is commonly detected during routine veterinary exams.

In severe cases, the blood flow may reverse direction, resulting in a right-to-left shunt. This can cause serious symptoms such as hind limb collapse and bluish discoloration of the mucous membranes.

How Is PDA Diagnosed?

Diagnosis begins with auscultation of the heart. If a murmur is detected, further tests are recommended:

• Chest radiographs to evaluate heart size and structure
• Echocardiography to visualize the ductus and assess for other abnormalities
• Electrocardiogram (ECG) to monitor heart rhythm and electrical activity

Treatment Options for Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Dogs

The primary treatment goal is to close the ductus arteriosus. This can be achieved through:

• Thoracic surgery
• Minimally invasive procedures like thoracoscopic surgery or intravascular occlusion techniques

Early treatment is crucial for a positive outcome. However, if complications such as pulmonary hypertension arise, management becomes more complex.

Conclusion

If you suspect a heart issue in your dog, consult a veterinarian promptly. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can greatly enhance your dog’s quality of life and long-term health.