Xylitol poisoning in dogs is a common veterinary emergency that is often underestimated. Xylitol is a sugar substitute found in many sugar-free products, including chewing gum. Even small amounts of xylitol can cause severe symptoms in dogs, such as vomiting, seizures, hypoglycemia, and, in serious cases, liver failure. Recognizing the signs and acting quickly can save your dog’s life.
Why is xylitol toxic to dogs?
Xylitol is a sugar alcohol extracted from birch tree bark. While safe for humans, this substance triggers a rapid release of insulin in dogs, leading to a sudden and dangerous drop in blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia).
In 2004, the American Animal Poison Control Center reported 70 cases of xylitol poisoning. By 2005, this number had nearly doubled, highlighting the growing risk and the importance of vigilance.
Symptoms of xylitol poisoning in dogs
Symptoms can appear very quickly, often within 30 minutes after ingestion, and may include:
- Vomiting
- Lethargy and depression
- Loss of coordination (ataxia)
- Muscle tremors or seizures
- Liver damage, which may lead to coma or death
⚠️ Even small amounts of sugar-free gum can be deadly. Just a few sticks may severely poison a dog weighing about 18 kg (40 lbs).
What to do if your dog eats chewing gum containing xylitol
If you suspect that your dog has eaten sugar-free gum, follow these urgent steps:
- Check the product label immediately to confirm if it contains xylitol.
- Contact your veterinarian or an animal poison control center without delay.
- Do not attempt to induce vomiting unless instructed by a veterinary professional.
In severe cases, hospitalization will be required to:
- Stabilize blood sugar levels with intravenous glucose
- Monitor liver function through regular blood tests
- Provide supportive care, as no specific antidote for xylitol exists
How to prevent xylitol poisoning in dogs
- Keep sugar-free gum, candies, and diet products containing xylitol out of your pet’s reach.
- Inform family members and guests about the dangers of xylitol for dogs.
- Always choose safe, veterinary-approved treats for your pet.
Conclusion: act fast to protect your dog
Xylitol poisoning in dogs is a life-threatening emergency. Immediate veterinary care is essential to improve your dog’s chances of recovery. If your dog has ingested sugar-free gum, contact your veterinarian immediately for the right treatment.
